Waste latex products are converted to a processabto material by a novel
economical process developed in our laboratory , It contains rubber hydrocarbon
of very high quality and Is lightly cross -linked. Styrene-butadlene
rubber is mixed with latex reclaim In different proportions . The mechanical
properties are found to be improved up to 60 percent replacement of
styrene-butadlene rubber by latex reclaim . The curing of styrene-butadiene
rubber Is found to be accelerated by the addition of latex reclaim. The
processablllty study shows that the blends can be processed similar to
SBRINR blends.
Kerala in south India grows several cash crops such as banana and
pineapple, the crop residues of which are sources of natural fibres that
can be used in hand papermaking. Kerala, however, does not have a
tradition in hand papermaking. The following is an account of an attempt
to popularize the art and craft of hand papermaking among self-help
groups as a means of self-employment and waste utilization, using fibres
extracted from agriwaste and local plants
Vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) irradiation (kexc: 172 ± 12 nm) of polystyrene films in the presence of oxygen
produced not only oxidatively functionalized surfaces, but generated also morphological changes.
Whereas OH- and C=O-functionalized surfaces might be used for e.g. secondary functionalization,
enhanced aggregation or printing, processes leading to morphological changes open new possibilities of
microstructurization. Series of experiments made under different experimental conditions brought
evidence of two different reaction pathways: introduction of OH- and C=O-groups at the polystyrene
pathways is mainly due to the reaction of reactive oxygen species (hydroxyl radicals, atomic oxygen,
ozone) produced in the gas phase between the VUV-radiation source and the substrate. However,
oxidative fragmentation leading to morphological changes, oxidation products of low molecular weight
and eventually to mineralization of the organic substrate is initiated by electronic excitation of the
polymer leading to C–C-bond homolysis and to a complex oxidation manifold after trapping of the
C-centred radicals by molecular oxygen. The pathways of oxidative functionalization or fragmentation
could be differentiated by FTIR-ATR analysis of irradiated polystyrene surfaces before and after
washing with acetonitrile and microscopic fluorescence analysis of the surfaces secondarily
functionalized with the N,N,N-tridodecyl-triaza-triangulenium (TATA) cation. Ozonization of the
polystyrene leads to oxidative functionalization of the polymer surface but cannot initiate the
fragmentation of the polymer backbone. Oxidative fragmentation is initiated by electronic excitation of
the polymer (contact-mode AFM analysis), and evidence of the generation of intermediate C-centred
radicals is given e.g. by experiments in the absence of oxygen leading to cross-linking (solubility effects,
optical microscopy, friction-mode AFM) and disproportionation (fluorescence).
Chandrasekaran, M; Ali, Bahkali H(Elsevier, January 11, 2013)
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Abstract:
The date palm Phoenix dactylifera has played an important role in the day-to-day life of
the people for the last 7000 years. Today worldwide production, utilization and industrialization of
dates are continuously increasing since date fruits have earned great importance in human nutrition
owing to their rich content of essential nutrients. Tons of date palm fruit wastes are discarded daily
by the date processing industries leading to environmental problems. Wastes such as date pits
represent an average of 10% of the date fruits. Thus, there is an urgent need to find suitable applications
for this waste. In spite of several studies on date palm cultivation, their utilization and scope
for utilizing date fruit in therapeutic applications, very few reviews are available and they are limited
to the chemistry and pharmacology of the date fruits and phytochemical composition, nutritional
significance and potential health benefits of date fruit consumption. In this context, in the present
review the prospects of valorization of these date fruit processing by-products and wastes’ employing
fermentation and enzyme processing technologies towards total utilization of this valuable
commodity for the production of biofuels, biopolymers, biosurfactants, organic acids, antibiotics,
industrial enzymes and other possible industrial chemicals are discussed
Description:
Saudi journal of biological sciences (2013)20,105-120
Thomas,C J; Dr.Ramachandra, Poduval P(Cochin University of Science And Technology, April , 1997)
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Abstract:
The present study is on
value orientation of professional students•and as such the theoretical value is
inherent and implied. Variation on this value is likely to be limited among
the subjects.
The relevance of the present study is with particular reference, to
management as a profession. In organisational settings motivation plays an
important role. According to McClelland's theory of needs, achievement,
power, and affiliation are the three important needs that help in understanding
motivation. Achieve~ent need may be defined as the drive to excel, to achieve
in relation to a set of standards, and to strive to succeed. Some people have a
compelling drive to succeed. They have a desire to do something better or
more efficiently than it has been done before. McClelland found that high
achievers differentiate themselves from others by their desire to do things
. better. Considering this fact, 'achievement' is included as one of the values
for the study
Description:
School of Management Studies, Cochin University of Science and Technology
Vanadia/ceria catalysts (2–10 wt% of V2O5) were prepared by wet impregnation of ammonium metavanadate in oxalic acid solution. Structural characterization was done with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET surface area measurements, FT-IR spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic spectral analysis (51V MASNMR). XRD and 51V MASNMR results show highly dispersed vanadia species at lower loadings and the formation of CeVO4 phase at higher V2O5 loading. The catalytic activity of catalysts was conducted in liquid phase oxidation of ethylbenzene with H2O2 as oxidant. The oxidation activity is increased with loading up to 8 wt% V2O5 and then decreased with further increase in V2O5 content to 10 wt%. Different vanadia species evidenced by various techniques were found to be selective towards ethylbenzene oxidation. The CeVO4 formation associated with increased concentration of vanadia on ceria results the production of acetophenone along with 2-hydroxyacetophenone.
Radhika, T; Dr.Mohanan, P V; Dr.Sugunan, S(Cochin University of Science and Technology, November 23, 2005)
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Abstract:
The selective oxidation of alkylaromatics is one of the main processes since the reaction products are important as intermediates in numerous industrial organic chemicals. Side-chain oxidation of alkyl aromatic compounds catalyzed by heterogeneous catalysts using cleaner peroxide oxidants is an especially attractive goal since classical synthetic laboratory procedures preferably use permanganate or acid dichromate as stoichiometric oxidants. In spite of many studies, there are very few which use hydrogen peroxide as a source of oxygen in the C-H activation of alkanes. Eflective utilization of ethylbenzene, available in the xylene stream of the petrochemical industry to more value added products is a promising one in chemical industry. The oxidation products of ethylbenzene are widely employed as intermediates in organic, steroid and resin synthesis.
Description:
Department of Chemistry, Cochin University of Science andTechnology,
Hyunkieu,Yang; Sangseol,Lee(Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, December 5, 2001)
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Abstract:
The cutoff wavenumbers of higher order modes in circular
eccentric guides are computed with the variational analysis combined
with a conformal mapping. A conformal mapping is applied to the
variational formulation, and the variational equation is solved by the
finite-element method. Numerical results for TE and TM cutoff
wavenumbers are presented for different distances between the centers
and ratio of the radii. Comparisons with numerical results found in the
literature validate the presented method
Dr.Babu, C A; Asha, Philip S; Hareeshkumar, P V(www.elsevier.com/, January , 2007)
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Abstract:
Numerous low - pressure systems form in the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal. These low-pressure systems are
highly useful in bringing the rainfall over the Indian sub continent. The developments of these systems are accompanied
by the reduction in air temperature and an increase in atmospheric humidity. The radio refractivity, which is a function
of the atmospheric pressure, temperature and humidity, also changes following the development of these systems. Variation
of radio refractive index and its vertical gradient are analysed for many low pressure systems formed over the Arabian
Sea and Bay of Bengal. It is found that the atmosphere becomes super refractive associated with the formation of these
systems, caused by the increase in humidity and decrease in temperature. The maximum gradient is observed near the
surface layers, especially in the lowest 1 km. Super refraction leads to increased radar detection range and extension of
radio horizon
Dr.Babu, C A; Jayakrishnan, P R(Taylor & Francis,http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tres20, December 12, 2012)
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Abstract:
This study attempted to quantify the variations of the surface marine atmospheric
boundary layer (MABL) parameters associated with the tropical Cyclone Gonu formed
over the Arabian Sea during 30 May–7 June 2007 (just after the monsoon onset).
These characteristics were evaluated in terms of surface wind, drag coefficient, wind
stress, horizontal divergence, and frictional velocity using 0.5◦ × 0.5◦ resolution Quick
Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) wind products. The variation of these different surface
boundary layer parameters was studied for three defined cyclone life stages: prior
to the formation, during, and after the cyclone passage. Drastic variations of the
MABL parameters during the passage of the cyclone were observed. The wind strength
increased from 12 to 22 m s−1 in association with different stages of Gonu. Frictional
velocity increased from a value of 0.1–0.6 m s−1 during the formative stage of the
system to a high value of 0.3–1.4 m s−1 during the mature stage. Drag coefficient
varied from 1.5 × 10−3 to 2.5 × 10−3 during the occurrence of Gonu. Wind stress
values varied from 0.4 to 1.1 N m−2. Wind stress curl values varied from 10 × 10−7 to
45 × 10−7 N m−3. Generally, convergent winds prevailed with the numerical value of
divergence varying from 0 to –4 × 10−5 s−1. Maximum variations of the wind parameters
were found in the wall cloud region of the cyclone. The parameters returned to
normally observed values in 1–3 days after the cyclone passage
Description:
International Journal of Remote Sensing
Vol. 34, No. 7, 10 April 2013, 2417–2431
Madhusoodana Kurup,B; Thomas, Joice V; Sreedevi, C(Indian Journal of Marine Sciences, September , 2006)
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Abstract:
Variations of the infaunal polychates populations due to bottom trawling were studied during December 2000 to November 2002 at depth ranging from 0-50 m along Cochin-Munambam area (Kerala, long. 76degree10'94" to 75degree 56' and lat.9degree58' to 10degree10'), in the southwest coast of India.Infaunal polychaetes from the sediment samples were collected both before and after experimental trawling in order to assess the variations on their abundance (no.m-2),biomass(g.m-2) and diversity due to bottom trawling .Highest variations in polychaetes were recorded at station 9 in May 2002 where polychaete abundance increased to 20710 no.m-2 after trawling from 2787 no.m-2 before trawling.Biomass showed highest variations at station 3 in December 2000 where biomass increased from 7.16g.m-2 recorded before trawling to 34.53 g.m-2 in the samples collected after trawling .Multivariate community analysis carried out based on both species abundance and biomass of plychaetes also confirm the wide variations in the similarities of the stations comparing both before and after trawling
Prathapachandra Kurup, M R; Neema, Ani Mangalam(Elsevier, 2011)
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Abstract:
Six new copper complexes of di-2-pyridyl ketone nicotinoylhydrazone (HDKN) have been synthesized.
The complexes have been characterized by a variety of spectroscopic techniques and the structure of
[Cu(DKN)2]·H2O has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound [Cu(DKN)2]·H2O
crystallized in the monoclinic space group P21 and has a distorted octahedral geometry. The IR spectra
revealed the presence of variable modes of chelation for the investigated ligand. The EPR spectra
of compounds [Cu2(DKN)2( -N3)2] and [Cu2(DKN)2( -NCS)2] in polycrystalline state suggest a dimeric
structure as they exhibited a half field signal, which indicate the presence of a weak interaction between
two Cu(II) ions in these complexes
Prathapachandra Kurup, M R; Sheena Mary, Y; Raju, K; Yohannan Panicker, C; Neema, Ani Mangalam; Hema, Tresa Varghese; Sheeja, S R(Elsevier, March 16, 2010)
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Abstract:
FT-IR spectrum of quinoline-2-carbaldehyde benzoyl hydrazone (HQb H2O) was recorded and analyzed.
The synthesis and crystal structure data are also described. The vibrational wavenumbers were examined
theoretically using the Gaussian03 package of programs using HF/6-31G(d) and B3LYP/6-31G(d) levels of
theory. The data obtained from vibrational wavenumber calculations are used to assign vibrational bands
obtained in infrared spectroscopy of the studied molecule. The first hyperpolarizability, infrared intensities
and Raman activities are reported. The calculated first hyperpolarizability is comparable with the
reported values of similar derivatives and is an attractive object for future studies of non-linear optics.
The geometrical parameters of the title compound obtained from XRD studies are in agreement with
the calculated values. The changes in the CAN bond lengths suggest an extended p-electron delocalization
over quinoline and hydrazone moieties which is responsible for the non-linearity of the molecule
Description:
Journal of Molecular Structure 973 (2010) 36–46 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2010.03.016
Junaid, Bushiri M; Mahadevan Pillai, V P; Pradeep, T; Jayasree, R S; Nayar, V U(Elsevier, 1997)
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Abstract:
FTIR and Raman spectra of FeClMoO4 single crystal and polycrystalline Na2MoO4, Na2MoO4·2H2O and
Na2MoO4·2D2O are recorded and analysed. The band positions for different modes suggest that MoO4 tetrahedron
is more distorted in FeClMoO4. The larger splitting observed for the bending modes and partial retention of
degeneracy of the asymmetric stretching mode indicate that angular distortion is greater than liner distortion in
MoO4 2 ion in FeClMoO4 confirming x-ray data. The non-appearance of the n1 and n2 modes in the IR and partial
retention of the degeneracies of various modes show that MoO4 2 ion retains Td symmetry in Na2MoO4. Wavenumber
values of the n1 mode indicate that the distortion of MoO4 tetrahedra in the four crystals are in the order
FeClMoO4\ Na2MoO4·2H2O\Na2MoO4·2D2O\Na2MoO4. The water bands suggest the presence of two
crystallographically distinct water molecules in Na2MoO4·2H2O. They form strong hydrogen bonds
Junaid, Bushiri M; Antony, C J; Michel, Fleck(Elsevier, May 27, 2007)
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Abstract:
The Raman and FTIR spectra of [C(NH2)3]2M(SO4)2 ·6H2O (withM= Co, Fe, Ni) were recorded and analysed. The observed spectral bands
are assigned in terms of vibrations of guanidinium ions, sulphate groups and water molecules. The analysis shows that the sulphate tetrahedra
are distorted from their free state symmetry Td to C1. This is attributed to the presence of hydrogen bonds from water molecules. The order of
distortion of the metal oxygen octahedra influenced the distortion of the sulphate tetrahedra. The appearance of 1– 3 modes of water molecules
above 3300 cm−1 indicates the presence of weak hydrogen bonds
Surekhamol, I S; Dr.Bright Singh,I S(Cochin University of Science and Technology, November , 2012)
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Abstract:
Aquaculture is a global industry providing food and employment thereby contributing to the economy. For the sustenance of aquaculture, disease management is a major requirement. Among the bacterial pathogens Vibrio harveyi remains to be the major one especially in shrimp culture systems. Rapid
and mass mortality of shrimp larvae due to Vibrio harveyi infection is well known, and the pathogen causes serious economic losses in grow out systems as well. It suggests that a well defined management strategy has to be built up to protect the crop from Vibrio harveyi infection in aquaculture systems. Antibiotics have been the choice for quite some times which led to residues in meat and development of multidrug resistant bacteria which invited ban on their application. In this context several alternate options have been thought off such as probiotics, immunostimulants and vaccines. Phage therapy is yet another option. Phages being natural parasites of bacteria and are abundant in aquatic environments their application to control bacterial pathogens in aquaculture has commendable potential in lieu of antibiotics. For that matter the therapeutic effect of phages has been proven in several antibiotic resistant pathogens inclusive of Vibrio harveyi.
Description:
National Centre for Aquatic Animal
Health, School of Environmental Studies, Cochin University of Science and Technology