Sajan, D George; Achamma, Kurian; Martin, Lase; Nampoori, V P N; Vallabhan, C P G(SPIE, 2001)
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Abstract:
An open cell photoacoustic configuration has been employed to evaluate the thermal diffusivity of pure InP as well as InP doped with sulphur and iron. Chopped optical radiation at 488 nm from an Ar-ion laser has been used to excite photoacoustic signals which been detected by a sensitive electret microphone. Thermal diffusivity value have been calculated from phase versus chopping frequency plots. Doped sample are found to show a reduced value for thermal diffusivity in comparison with intrinsically pure sample. The results have been interpreted in terms of the mechanisms of heat generation and transmission in semiconductors.
Joseph, L K; Sanjay, G; Suja, H; Sugunan, S; Nampoori, V P N; Radhakrishnan, P(Taylor & Francis, April 1, 2009)
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Abstract:
Thermal diffusivity (TD) measurements were performed on some industrially
important dyes – auramine O (AO), malachite green and methylene blue (MB) –
adsorbed K-10 montmorillonites using photoacoustic method. The TD value for
the dye-adsorbed clay mineral was observed to change with a variation in dye
concentration. The contribution of the dye towards TD was also determined. The
repeatedly adsorbed samples with MB and AO exhibited a lower TD than the
single-adsorbed samples. TD values of sintered MB samples were also obtained
experimentally. These sintered samples exhibit a higher TD, although they show
a trend similar to that of non-sintered pellets. A variation in dye concentration
and sintering temperature can be used for tuning the TD value of the clay mineral
to the desired level.
Annieta, Philip K; Lyjo, Joseph K; Litty, Irimpan M; Bindu, Krishnan; Radhakrishnan, P; Nampoori, V P N; Raghu, Natarajan(WILEY-VCH Verlag, 2007)
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Abstract:
Thermal characterization of alumina–zirconia and zirconia ceramic tapes using a photoacoustic technique is presented. A transmission-mode geometry is employed for the measurement of thermal diffusivity while a reflection-mode geometry is used for the measurement of thermal effusivity. In both these geometries, the same open photoacoustic cell is used. From the measured values of thermal diffusivity and thermal effusivity, the thermal conductivity value has also been evaluated.
Girijavallabhan, C P; Radhakrishnan, P; Nampoori, V P N; Sajan, D George; Saravanan, S; Venkatachalam, S(Physical Review, American Physical Society, June 8, 2004)
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Abstract:
Thermal diffusivity of the composites of camphor sulphonic acid (CSA) doped polyaniline (PANI) and its
composites with cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) has been measured using open cell photoacoustic technique.
Analysis of the data shows that the effective thermal diffusivity value can be tuned by varying the relative
volume fraction of the constituents. It is seen that polaron assisted heat transfer mechanism is dominant in CSA
doped PANI and these composites exhibit a thermal diffusivity value which is intermediate to that of CSA
doped PANI and CoPc. The results obtained are correlated with the electrical conductivity and hardness
measurements carried out on the samples.
Girijavallabhan, C P; Radhakrishnan, P; V P N Nampoori; Sajan, D George(Journal of Physics D : Applied Physics, Institute of Physics Publishing, April 2, 2003)
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Abstract:
An open photoacoustic cell operating in the low range of chopping
frequency has been employed to evaluate the thermal diffusivity values of
intrinsic InP and InP doped with S, Sn and Fe. The experimental set-up is
calibrated by the evaluation of thermal diffusivity value of pure Si and
GaAs. The present investigation shows that doped samples show a reduced
value for thermal diffusivity compared to intrinsic sample. From the
analysis of data it is also seen that nature of dopant clearly influences the
thermal diffusivity value of semiconductors. The results are explained in
terms of phonon assisted heat transfer mechanism in semiconductors
Radhakrishnan, P; V P N Nampoori; Girijavallabhan, C P; Sajan, D George(Journal of Physics D : Applied Physics, Institute of Physics Publishing, April 2, 2003)
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Abstract:
An open photoacoustic cell operating in the low range of chopping
frequency has been employed to evaluate the thermal diffusivity values of
intrinsic InP and InP doped with S, Sn and Fe. The experimental set-up is
calibrated by the evaluation of thermal diffusivity value of pure Si and
GaAs. The present investigation shows that doped samples show a reduced
value for thermal diffusivity compared to intrinsic sample. From the
analysis of data it is also seen that nature of dopant clearly influences the
thermal diffusivity value of semiconductors. The results are explained in
terms of phonon assisted heat transfer mechanism in semiconductors
Nampoori, V P N; Radhakrishnan, P; Girijavallabhan, C P; Sajan, D George(Journal of Physics D : Applied Physics, Institute of Physics Publishing, April 2, 2003)
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Abstract:
An open photoacoustic cell operating in the low range of chopping
frequency has been employed to evaluate the thermal diffusivity values of
intrinsic InP and InP doped with S, Sn and Fe. The experimental set-up is
calibrated by the evaluation of thermal diffusivity value of pure Si and
GaAs. The present investigation shows that doped samples show a reduced
value for thermal diffusivity compared to intrinsic sample. From the
analysis of data it is also seen that nature of dopant clearly influences the
thermal diffusivity value of semiconductors. The results are explained in
terms of phonon assisted heat transfer mechanism in semiconductors
Nampoori, V P N; Lyjo, Joseph K; Suja, H; Sanjay, G; Sugunan, S; Radhakrishnan, P(Elsevier, Journal of Applied Clay Science, June 28, 2008)
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Abstract:
Thermal diffusivity (TD) measurement on commercial K-10 and KSF montmorillonites was carried out by
photoacoustic technique. The TD of the montmorillonites after methylene blue adsorption changed with the
dye concentration. The repeatedly adsorbed samples showed a lesser TD than the single adsorbed samples.
After methylene blue adsorption the acid leached K-10 samples showed well defined changes in TD when
compared to the ordered KSF samples.
Sajan, D George; Rajesh, Komban; Warrier, K G K; Radhakrishnan, P; Nampoori, V P N; Vallabhan, C P G(Taylor & Francis, February , 2010)
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Abstract:
A laser-induced photoacoustic technique was employed to investigate
thermal transport through nanocrystalline CePO4 samples prepared via the
sol–gel route. Evaluation of thermal diffusivity was carried out using the
one-dimensional model of Rosencwaig and Gersho for the reflection
configuration of the photoacoustic method. Structural analyses of samples
revealed that they are nanoporous in nature, possessing micron-sized
grains. Analysis of results shows that thermal diffusivity value varies with
sintering temperature. Results are explained in terms of the variation in
porosity with sintering temperature and the effects of various scattering
mechanisms on the propagation of phonons through the nanoporous
ceramic matrix. Further analyses confirm that apart from porosity, grain
boundary resistance and interface thermal resistance influence the effective
value of thermal diffusivity of the samples under investigation.
Bindhu, C V; Harilal, S S; Nampoori, V P N; Vallabhan, C P G(Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, 1998)
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Abstract:
Thermal diffusivity measurements are carried out in certain organic liquids using the pulsed dual beam thermal lens technique. The 532 nm pulses from a frequency doubled Q-switched Nd:YAG laser are used as the heating source and an intensity stabilized He-Ne laser serves as the probe beam. Experimental determination of the characteristic time constant of the transient thermal lens signal is verified theoretically. Measured thermal diffusivity values are in excellent agreement with literature values.
V P N Nampoori; Santhi Ani, Joseph; Misha, Hari; Mathew, S; Gaurav, Sharma; Soumya; Hadiya, V M; Radhakrishnan, P(Elsevier, Journal of Optics Communications, October 6, 2009)
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Abstract:
Dual beam mode-matched thermal lens method has been employed to measure the heat diffusion in
nanofluid of silver with various volumes of rhodamine 6G, both dispersed in water. The important observation
is an indication of temperature dependent diffusivity and that the overall heat diffusion is slower
in the chemically prepared Ag sol compared to that of water. The experimental results can be explained
assuming that Brownian motion is the main mechanism of heat transfer under the present experimental
conditions. Light induced aggregation of the nanoparticles can also result in an anomalous diffusion
behavior.
Sankara Raman, S; Nampoori, V P N; Vallabhan, C P G; Saravanan, N; Mohammed Yusuff, K K(Springer, 1999)
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Abstract:
The thermal diffusivities of some polystyrene supported Schiff complexes of Co(II) and Cu(II) were determined by the laser induced photoacoustic technique. The effect of metal as well as the halogen part on thermal diffusivity of polymer supported complexes was studied. The thermal diffusivity of Co complexes increases while it decreases in Cu complexes with Cl, Br and I substitutions, respectively.
Achamma, Kurian; Unnikrishnan, K P; Sajan, D George; Pramod, Gopinath; Nampoori, V P N; Vallabhan, C P G(Elsevier, 2003)
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Abstract:
The wavelength dependence of thermal lens signal from organic dyes are studied using dual beam thermal lens technique. It is found that the profile of thermal lens spectrum widely differ from the conventional absorption spectrum in the case of rhodamine B unlike in the case of crystal violet. This is explained on the basis of varying contribution of nonradiative relaxations from the excited vibronic levels.
Achamma, Kurian; Unnikrishnan, K P; Sajan, D George; Pramod, Gopinath; Nampoori, V P N; Vallabhan, C P G(Elsevier, 2003)
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Abstract:
The wavelength dependence of thermal lens signal from organic dyes are studied using dual beam thermal lens
technique. It is found that the profile of thermal lens spectrum widely differ from the conventional absorption spectrum
in the case of rhodamine B unlike in the case of crystal violet. This is explained on the basis of varying contribution of
nonradiative relaxations from the excited vibronic levels.
Santhi, A; Kala, U L; Nedumpara, R J; Kurian, A; Kurup, M R P; Radhakrishnan, P; Nampoori, V P N(Springer, 2004)
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Abstract:
The fluorescence spectrum of the schiff base obtained from salicylaldehyde and 2-aminophenol is studied using an argon-ion laser as the excitation source and its fluorescence quantum yield (Qf) is determined using a thermal lens method. This is a nondestructive technique that gives the absolute value of Qf without the need for a fluorescence standard. The quantum-yield values are calculated for various concentrations of the solution in chloroform and also for various excitation wavelengths. The value of Qf is relatively high, and is concentration dependent. The maximum value of Qf obtained is nearly 0.78. The high value of the fluorescence quantum yield will render the schiff base useful as a fluorescent marker for biological applications. Photostability and gain studies will assess its suitability as a laser dye.
Achamma, Kurian; Sajan, D George; Bindhu, C V; Nampoori, V P N; Vallabhan, C P G(Elsevier, 2007)
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Abstract:
The effect of pH on the fluorescence efficiency of fluorescein is evaluated using thermal lens technique. Fluorescence efficiency increases as the
sample becomes more and more alkaline. But when fluorescein is mixed with rhodamine B fluorescence quenching of fluorescein takes place with
the excitation of rhodamine B. The electronic energy transfer in this mixture is investigated using Optical Parametric Oscillator as the excitation
source. The effect of pH on the efficiency of energy transfer in fluorescein–rhodamine B mixture is presented.
Unnikrishnan, K P; Jayan,Thomas; Nampoori, V P N; Vallabhan, C P G(Elsevier, April 1, 2002)
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Abstract:
Third order nonlinear susceptibility χ(3) and second hyperpolarizability (γ) of a bis-naphthalocyanine viz. europium naphthalocyanines, Eu(Nc)2, were measured in dimethyl formamide solution using degenerate four wave mixing at 532 nm under nanosecond pulse excitation. Effective nonlinear absorption coefficient, βeff and imaginary part of nonlinear susceptibility, Im(χ(3)) were obtained using open aperture /Z-scan technique at the same wavelength. Optical limiting property of the sample was also investigated. The role of excited state absorption in deciding the nonlinear properties of this material is discussed.
Padmaja, G; Ravi Kumar, A V; Vidyalal, V; Radhakrishnan, P; Nampoori, V P N; Vallabhan, C P G(IOP Publishing, 1989)
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Abstract:
In order to characterise the laser ablation process from high-Tc superconductors, the time evolution of plasma produced by a Q-switching Nd:YAG laser from a GdBa2Cu3O7 superconducting sample has been studied using spectroscopic and ion-probe techniques. It has been observed that there is a fairly large delay for the onset of the emission from oxide species in comparison with those from atoms and ions of the constituent elements present in the plasma. Faster decay occurs for emission from oxides and ions compared with that from neutral atoms. These observations support the view that oxides are not directly produced from the target, but are formed by the recombination process while the plasma cools down. Plasma parameters such as temperature and velocity are also evaluated.
Harilal, S S; Bindhu, C V; Nampoori, V P N; Vallabhan, C P G(Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, 1998)
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Abstract:
Laser radiation at 1.06 µm from a pulsed Nd:YAG
laser was focused onto a multielement YBa2Cu3O7 target in
vacuum and the plasma thus generated was studied using
time-resolved spectroscopic techniques. Line broadening of
the Ba I emission line at 553.5 nm was monitored as a function
of time elapsed after the incidence of a laser pulse on the
target. Measured line profiles of barium species were used to
infer the electron density and temperature, and the time evolution
of these important plasma parameters has been worked out.
Harilal, S S; Issac, Riju C; Bindhu, C V; Nampoori, V P N; Vallabhan, C P G(Jpn. J. Appl. Phys, 1997)
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Abstract:
We report time resolved study of C2 emission from laser produced carbon plasma in presence of ambient helium
gas. The 1.06µm: radiation from a Nd:YAG laser was focused onto a graphite target where it·produced a transient
plasma. We observed double peak structure in the time profile of C2 species. The twin peaks were observed only
after a threshold laser fluence. It is proposed that the faster velocity component in the temporal profiles originates
mainly due to recombination processes. The laser fluence and ambient gas dependence of the double peak intensity
distribution is also reported.